Pin and benchmark
Pin the jurisdiction you are leaning towards, then line up to 5 rivals against it. Every unlocked figure shows where a peer beats it or loses to it on capital, timeline, cost and difficulty, so one screen tells you whether your first choice actually holds up.
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| Dimension |
Pinned 🇪🇪 Estonia partly open Verified 2026-07-03
|
🇫🇷 France
partly open
Verified 2026-07-03
|
|---|---|---|
| Licence type | Operating licence (tegevusluba) for e-money institutions under the Payment Institutions and E-money Institutions Act (Makse- ja e-raha asutuste seadus, MERAS), Estonia's EMD2 transposition | Etablissement de monnaie electronique. |
| Regulator | Finantsinspektsioon (Estonian Financial Supervision and Resolution Authority, FSA) | ACPR (part of the Banque de France). Not the AMF, which handles markets and crypto. |
| Capital requirement | Estonia capital requirement is locked. Unlock with the £349 pass. | France capital requirement is locked. Unlock with the £349 pass. |
| Timeline to authorisation | Estonia timeline to authorisation is locked. Unlock with the £349 pass. | France timeline to authorisation is locked. Unlock with the £349 pass. |
| Local substance | Estonia local substance is locked. Unlock with the £349 pass. | France local substance is locked. Unlock with the £349 pass. |
| Application cost | Estonia application cost is locked. Unlock with the £349 pass. | France application cost is locked. Unlock with the £349 pass. |
| Ongoing cost | Estonia ongoing cost is locked. Unlock with the £349 pass. | France ongoing cost is locked. Unlock with the £349 pass. |
| Passporting | Estonia passporting is locked. Unlock with the £349 pass. | France passporting is locked. Unlock with the £349 pass. |
| EMIs authorised | Estonia emis authorised is locked. Unlock with the £349 pass. | France emis authorised is locked. Unlock with the £349 pass. |
| Key restrictions | Estonia key restrictions is locked. Unlock with the £349 pass. | France key restrictions is locked. Unlock with the £349 pass. |
| Safeguarding | Estonia safeguarding is locked. Unlock with the £349 pass. | France safeguarding is locked. Unlock with the £349 pass. |
| Recent changes | PSD3 and the PSR will merge the payment institution and EMI regimes into one licence that can issue e-money. Final texts published 23 April 2026, applicability targeted around 2028; existing EMIs are grandfathered but must update their file. | PSD3 and PSR merge the payment institution and EMI regimes into one payment institution licence that can issue e-money. Final texts published 23 Apr 2026, OJ expected mid to late 2026, PSR applies about 20 days after publication, PSD3 transposition within 18 months (applicability ~Q2/Q3 2028). Existing EMIs are grandfathered but must update their file. |
| Difficulty rating | Estonia difficulty rating is locked. Unlock with the £349 pass. | France difficulty rating is locked. Unlock with the £349 pass. |
Informational only, not legal advice. A delta compares the sortable figure only (capital, timeline, cost, difficulty, passporting, approvals); it is not a judgement on overall suitability. Verify with qualified counsel before acting.