Pin and benchmark
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| Dimension |
Pinned 🇱🇻 Latvia partly open Verified 2026-08-15
|
🇸🇬 Singapore
analogue
partly open
Verified 2026-08-15
|
|---|---|---|
| Licence type | Two tiers: (1) Licensed electronic money institution (full EMI licence) and (2) Registered electronic money institution (lighter-touch registration tier for smaller issuers, restricted to issuing e-money and providing only payment instrument issuance or money remittance) - both under the Law on Payment Services and Electronic Money (transposing EMD2) | No EMI. Major Payment Institution (MPI) licence under the Payment Services Act, covering e-money issuance and account issuance. Standard PI for smaller volumes. |
| Regulator | Latvijas Banka (Bank of Latvia) - sole licensing/supervisory authority, having absorbed the former FCMC (Finansu un kapitala tirgus komisija) in 2023 | Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). |
| Capital requirement | Latvia capital requirement is included in the £349 pass. | Singapore capital requirement is included in the £349 pass. |
| Timeline to authorisation | Latvia timeline to authorisation is included in the £349 pass. | Singapore timeline to authorisation is included in the £349 pass. |
| Local substance | Latvia local substance is included in the £349 pass. | Singapore local substance is included in the £349 pass. |
| Application cost | Latvia application cost is included in the £349 pass. | Singapore application cost is included in the £349 pass. |
| Ongoing cost | Latvia ongoing cost is included in the £349 pass. | Singapore ongoing cost is included in the £349 pass. |
| Passporting | Latvia passporting is included in the £349 pass. | Singapore passporting is included in the £349 pass. |
| EMIs authorised | Latvia emis authorised is included in the £349 pass. | Singapore emis authorised is included in the £349 pass. |
| Key restrictions | Latvia key restrictions is included in the £349 pass. | Singapore key restrictions is included in the £349 pass. |
| Safeguarding | Latvia safeguarding is included in the £349 pass. | Singapore safeguarding is included in the £349 pass. |
| Recent changes | Latvijas Banka continued granting new EMI licences during 2025 and 2026. PSD3 and the PSR merge payment-institution and EMI authorisation into one payment-institution category able to issue e-money. The final compromise texts remain awaiting formal adoption and Official Journal publication as of 15 August 2026, with an indicative European Parliament plenary on 14 December 2026. After entry into force, Member States have 21 months to transpose and apply PSD3, and the PSR generally applies after 21 months. Existing EMIs may continue for 27 months, with an exceptional further three-month extension. | Continuing MAS refinements to the PSA. |
| Difficulty rating | Latvia difficulty rating is included in the £349 pass. | Singapore difficulty rating is included in the £349 pass. |
Informational only, not legal advice. A delta compares the sortable figure only (capital, timeline, cost, difficulty, passporting, approvals); it is not a judgement on overall suitability. Verify with qualified counsel before acting.
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