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🇳🇱 Netherlands

Mature crypto hub with high-volume CASP authorisation and one of the largest active CASP populations in the EEA, but disputed headline counts.

Crypto (CASP / VASP) E-money (EMI)
Last verified 2026-08-15 Next review 2026-08-29

Data verified: oldest cell 47 days ago (verified 2026-07-02). Individual cells show their own verification date below.

Capital requirement Capital requirement is included with access. Included with access Timeline to authorisation Timeline to authorisation is included with access. Included with access Application cost Application cost is included with access. Included with access Passporting Passporting is included with access. Included with access

Licence type

Electronic Money Institution licence under the Dutch Financial Supervision Act (Wet op het financieel toezicht - Wft), implementing EMD2; an exempted/excepted EMI status also exists for smaller issuers who do not need a full DNB licence

Verified 3 days agoSource: De Nederlandsche Bank: https://www.dnb.nl/en/sector-information/open-book-supervision/open-book-supervision-sectors/electronic-money-institutions/authorisation-as-an-electronic-money-institution-overview/what-is-an-electronic-money-institution/

Regulator

De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB), acting as prudential supervisor under the Wft (with AFM as conduct supervisor)

Verified 3 days agoSource: De Nederlandsche Bank - what is an electronic money institution: https://www.dnb.nl/en/sector-information/open-book-supervision/open-book-supervision-sectors/electronic-money-institutions/authorisation-as-an-electronic-money-institution-overview/what-is-an-electronic-money-institution/

Recent changes

PSD3 and the PSR merge payment-institution and EMI authorisation into one payment-institution category able to issue e-money. The final compromise texts remain awaiting formal adoption and Official Journal publication as of 15 August 2026, with an indicative European Parliament plenary on 14 December 2026. After entry into force, Member States have 21 months to transpose and apply PSD3, and the PSR generally applies after 21 months. Existing EMIs may continue for 27 months, with an exceptional further three-month extension.

Verified 3 days agoSource: https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-8222-2026-INIT/en/pdf ; https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-8221-2026-INIT/en/pdf ; https://oeil.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/en/procedure-file?reference=2023%2F0209%28COD%29

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Capital, timeline, costs, substance, passporting, restrictions and difficulty for Netherlands, each with its source and verification date, unlock with the one-off Founder Pass: £349, 30 days, everything included. Need it board-ready without doing the work? A bespoke report answers your exact question for £950.

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Not legal advice. Entries marked placeholder or awaiting verification shouldn't be relied on. Verify with Netherlands's regulator and qualified local counsel before acting.